class 12 business studies Directing notes

Directing..... Short & Easy Notes for Board Exam

#1. What do you mean by directing? What are its characteristics of features? What are its importance?

> directing means giving instructions, guiding, counselling, motivating and leading the staff in an organisation in doing work to achieve organisational goal. It is an important managerial function concerned with putting the organisational plan into effect. It is also known as acquisition and leading.

Following are its characteristics;

• Pervasive function- directing is required at all level of organisation. Every manager provide guidance and inspiration to his subordinates.
• Continuous activity- directing is an continuous activity. The process of directing is continuous throughout the life of organisation.
• Human factor- directing function is related to subordinates and therefore it is related to human factor.
• Creative activity- directing function helps in converting plans into performance. Without this function, people become inactive and physical resources are meaningless.
• Executive function- direction function is carried out by all managers and executive at all levels throughout the working of an enterprise. Subordinates receive instruction from his superior only.

Following are its importance;

• Initiate action- it helps to initiate action by the people in the organisation toward attainment of desired objectives. The employed start working only when they get instructions and directions from their superiors.
• Integrates employees effort- it integrates the activities of subordinates by supervision, guidance and counselling.
• Means of motivation- it motivates the subordinates to work efficiently and to contribute their maximum efforts toward the achievement of organisational goal.
• Needed at all level of management- directing is needed at all level of management.
• Base of coordination- establish harmony among individuals efforts.

#2. Write the Essential elements of directing.

• Supervision-supervission means monitor the progress of the routine work and guiding the worker.
• motivation-it is a process stimulating and inspiring people at work for the attainment of a desire objective.
• Leadership-influencing the behavior of the people at work for the specific goal.
• Communication-it is the process in which transferring facts ,ideas,feeling from one person to another and making him under stand them.

#3. What do you mean by supervision? What are its characteristics or features? What are its importance?

> supervision means overseeing the subordinates at work. It is an important function of every manager. It implies observing the subordinates at the work to see that they are working according to the plans and policies of the organisation and keeping the time schedule and do help them in solving their work problems. Supervision is an art of seeing what subordinate are doing.

Following are its characteristics;

• It is a Universal activity needed at all level of management.
• Supervision age not only needed at all level but it is a continuous process too since it is required at all times in the organisation.
• Provision is a part of the directing function of management.
• There is a direct and immediate face-to-face contact between subordinates and supervisor.
• Supervision is concerned with guiding and checking of work.
• Supervision is a technique by which directions, instructions and motivations are given to the subordinate.
• Supervision in source proper utilisation of resources, both physical and human which results in reduction of wastage and maximum output at minimum cost.

Following are its importance;

Ensures issuing instructions- while carrying out supervision, managers is issues Orders and instructions essential to carry out the tasks.
Facilitates control- supervision includes monitoring the ongoing activity. Therefore it is a was checking on the methods in use and progress of work against plan and schedule, evaluating actual performance at regular intervals and taking corrective action if necessary.
Optimal utilisation of resources- the supervisor issues Orders and instructions to the workers for achieving coordination in his section.
Maintenance of discipline- supervisor maintain discipline in the in the sense that monitoring and guidance in shorts plants and time schedule adhered.
Feedback- supervision helps maintain contact with the employees. As a result feedback in the form of viewpoints, suggestions, grievances and complaints keep coming to the management.

#4. Difference between directing and supervision?

Directing:

• It means guiding,issuing instruction,leading and motivating sub ordinate to achieve the goal.
• It has a wider scope.
• It activity perform at all level.
• It is importance function of management.
• It is an executive function.

Supervision:

• It means supervising the work is been done in accordance with the plan and instruction.
• It has a narrow scope.
• It is perform at operative level.
• It is a part of directing.
• It is an operative function.

#5. What do you mean by motivation?what are its importance?

> Motivation means stimulating people to do the work to achieve the desire goal.motivation depends upon satisfying needs of the people.

following are its importance:

• It increase the productivity in the organisation.
• it improve the effeciency of the worker.
• It ensure to achieve the organisational goal.
• It reduce the employees turnover.
• Reduction in resistance to change.
• It satisfied the employees needs.
• Industrial dispute are reduce through them.

#6. Write short notes on 'maslow' theory of hierarchy.

>Abraham maslow an eminent psychologist offered a general theory of motivation in 1943.he felt that people have a wide range of needs which motivate them.

these need can be divide into five types.

• Psychological needs-this needs also called economic needs.it is necessary for the survival they include food,clothing,shelter,air,water and other necessaries of life they cannot fulfilled without money.
• Safety and securities needs-these are also called personal needs.it include security of job,physical security,provision for old age,satisfactory working condition.
• Social needs-man is social being.he is therefore interested in conversation,exchange of feeling,recognition,belongingness.
• Ego needs-these needs are concern with prestige and status.they include self respect,competence,knowledge,recoginastion and respect from others.
• Self fulfilment needs-these are generally founds in person whose first four needs have already been fulfilled.they are concern with achieving mission of life.for example getting india free from british region was the mission of mahatma gandhi.

#7. Write the quality of good leader.

> Leadership depends on the quality of the leader and effective leader must possess the following qualities.

• A good leader should be able to communicate clearly.
• It is necessary to convincing people.
• Self-confidence and sense of resposibility.
• Motivate to the other.
• A leader should be able to examine problem in the right prospective.
• He should able to take decision quickly.
• Ability to inspire people.
• A good leader must understand the needs,aspiration and feeling of his sub ordinate.
• A good leader should be good moral character.

#8. What do you mean by communication?what are its importance?

> it is an art of transferring facts,ideas,feeling from one person to another and making him understand them.it is a way of transmission of ideas.

following are its importance:

Provide data necessary for decision making.

Helps the process of motivation and morale.

classified task resposibility and authority position.

Redressing employees grievances.

To improve better industrial relation.

To improve better public relation.

Promote cooperation and peace.

#9. What do you mean by leadership? what are its characteristics? what are its importance?

> leadership may be defined as the process of influencing the behaviour of people at work toward their organisation of a specified goal. It involves the ability to use non-coercive influence on the activities, goals and motivation of others for achieving organisational objectives.

Following are its characteristics;

• Leadership agent needed in all walks of life, such as economical, social, political and industrial spheres.
• It is continuous process where by the manager influences, guides and direct the behaviour of subordinates.
• The success of A manager as a leader depends on the acceptance of his leadership by the subordinates.
• A true leader is responsible for including encouragement and confidence among employees of any organisation.
• It is the duty of the leader to maintain proper discipline among his subordinates.

Following are its importance;

• Secures cooperation of members of organisation- managers are successful only when they secure willing cooperation of their subordinates
• Creates confidence- sometimes individuals fails to recognise their qualities and capabilities. The leader creates confidence among them because of his insight, understanding and ability to handle situations.
• Helps in guiding and inspiring employees- a leader by exercising his leadership creates and urges in the employees for higher performance and helps in the attainment of organisational goal.
• Improves job satisfaction- apart from monetary compensation and physical conditions at work place job satisfaction of employees depends on the behaviour of managers towards subordinates.
• Inhences group Cohesion- cohesive work groups are characterized by mutual trust, liking, friendliness and Corporation.

POINTS;

1. Leadership: It refer to influence others in such a manner to do work what the leader wants them to do.
2. Leader: a person who has the ability to influence others.

THE END