Best Commerce Notes For Revision

  Financial market..........short and easy notes for board exam. 1. What do you mean by money market? what are its characteristics? What are its important instruments? > Money market is the market of short term funds. It is considered as a market for providing working capital. Following are its characteristics; Short term security are traded in money market. It deals in short term funds for a period of one year. It focus on meeting of working capital requirements. Financial company or institutions are its major participants. Security of money market are highly liquid. Important instrument traded in money market; Call money - the day to date surplus fund of bank are traded as call money. It provide temporary shortage of cash. It is also called telephone market. Its maturity period are very short. Sometimes be only few hours. Treasury bill- it is issued by RBI on behalf of the government. Its maturity period are of the Government of India. It is issued at a discount. Its maturity...

Direct ing . . .. .   Short & Easy Notes for B oard Exam #1. What do you mean by directing? What are its characteristics of features? What are its importance? > directing means giving instructions, guiding, counselling, motivating and leading the staff in an organisation in doing work to achieve organisational goal. It is an important managerial function concerned with putting the organisational plan into effect. It is also known as acquisition and leading. Following are its characteristics; Pervasive function- directing is required at all level of organisation. Every manager provide guidance and inspiration to his subordinates. Continuous activity- directing is an continuous activity. The process of directing is continuous throughout the life of organisation. Human factor - directing function is related to subordinates and therefore it is related to human factor. Creative activity- directing function helps in converting plans into performance. Without this ...

 Organizing . . .. .   Short & Easy Notes for B oard Exam #1. What do you mean by organising? > It is a group of people contributing their efforts toward the attainment of common goal. It is a process of identifying and grouping the work to be done and fix the authority, accountability, responsibility and duty to achieve the goal. It enables the people to work efficiently. #2. Write the characteristics or features of organising. Group of individuals-  organising comes into existence when a group of people combine their efforts and willingly contribute to achieve a common goal. Common purpose-  every organising comes into existence on the basis of goal of the Enterprise. Chain of command-  the superior and subordinate relationship established in an organisation is based on authority, which flows from higher level to lower level of management. Division of work-  organising involves division of total worked into various activities an...

 Planning . . .. .   Short & Easy Notes for B oard Exam #1. What do you mean by Planning? > Planning is the process  of thinking before doing. It involves determination of goals as well as activities to be undertaken to achieve the goals. More specifically planning consist of deciding in advance. It decides beforehand, what is to be done, how is to be done, where is to be done, when is to be done, by whom is to be done. #2. Write the characteristics of good planning. Sitting clear cut objective-  the existence of clear cut objectives is necessary for efficient and effective planning. Objectives should not only be understandable but also rational. Economical-  the planner must undertakes cost benefit analysis to ensure that the benefits of planning are more than the cost involved in it. Flexibility-   some elements of flexibility must be introduced in Planning because modern business operates in an environment which keeps on changing. Dynami...

Accounting for Not-for-Profit Organisation...Short & Easy Notes for Board Exam #1. What is Not-for-Profit Organisation(NPO)? Objectives? Characteristics? => Not-for-Profit Organisation are those which established to provide service to the society and its members for promotion of Art, Culture, Sports, Education and Religion development. It is not established for earning profit.                                              i.e, School, College, Club, Hospital, Doctors, Lawyers, Engineer, ETC. Following are its Objectives; i. To provide service to the Society. ii. To promote Art, Culture, Religion, Sports, and Educational Development. Following are its Characteristics; i. They do not earning profit. ii. Its main source of income are:       (A)Donation                    (B)Subscription     ...